Childhood trauma refers to experiences during childhood that are emotionally or psychologically distressing, overwhelming, or harmful. This can include physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, neglect, loss of a parent or caregiver, witnessing violence, or any other significant event that threatens a child's safety or well-being. Childhood trauma can have a lasting impact on a person's mental health, behavior, relationships, and overall well-being, and is often associated with increased risk for mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse. Research on childhood trauma seeks to understand its causes, effects, and ways to prevent and intervene to mitigate its negative consequences.